Mobility Digital Twin: Concept, Architecture, Case Study, and Future Challenges

A Digital Twin is a digital replica of living or nonliving physical entity, and this emerging technology attracted extensive attention from different industries during the past decade. Although few studies have been conducted in transportation domain very recently, there no systematic research with holistic framework connecting various mobility entities together. In study, twin (MDT) developed, which defined as an artificial intelligence (AI)-based data-driven cloud–edge–device for services. This MDT consists three building blocks space (namely, Human , xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vehicle xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Traffic ), their associated Twins space. An example cloud–edge architecture built Amazon Web Services (AWS) to accommodate proposed fulfill its functionalities storage, modeling, learning, simulation, prediction. case study personalized adaptive cruise control (P-ACC) system conducted, integrates key microservices all framework: 1) xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Human Twin user management driver type classification; 2) xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vehicle cloud-based advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS); 3) xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Traffic traffic flow monitoring variable speed limit. Future challenges are discussed toward end article, including standardization, AI computing, public private cloud service, network heterogeneity.